The Concept of “Class” on Marxist Doctrine — Mohamed O. Osman Guudle (2017)

This paper explains how Marxism understands social class and class struggle. ⭐

It traces the historical development of the concept, examines Marx’s writings on production, the state, and civil society, and clarifies why class is central to Marxist theory.

1. Class is defined by a person’s relationship to the means of production.

2. Class struggle drives historical and social change.

3. Capitalist society is divided primarily between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

4. The state and civil society largely reflect and protect existing class relations.

5. Class consciousness enables the working class to organize for social and political change.

🧠 Conclusion

This paper explains that class is the foundation of Marxist theory.

According to Marx, people are grouped into classes based on their relationship to the means of production, and the conflict between these classes drives historical change. Under capitalism, this struggle is primarily between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

The paper also shows that class shapes more than the economy. It influences the state, civil society, and political action, while class consciousness allows workers to recognize their shared interests and organize for change. Rather than introducing new Marxist ideas, the paper provides a clear overview of why class is the central concept linking production, politics, and history in Marxism.