Last updated January 7, 2026
FARC guerrillas and later FARC dissident factions have long used Venezuelan territory as a sanctuary, logistics hub, and revenue source, and U.S. and Colombian officials allege that senior Chavista and Maduro‑era figures cooperated with them in drug trafficking and security arrangements. The extent and centralization of Maduro’s personal role in these ties is contested and remains legally unproven, but multiple indictments and reports describe structured collaboration between elements of the Venezuelan state and FARC networks.[1][2][3][4][5]