Population density is a measurement of the number of people (or organisms) living in a specific geographic area, typically expressed as the average number of individuals per square kilometer or square mile. It indicates how crowded a place is, serving as a key statistic for urban planning, resource allocation, and environmental studies. [brittanica: population density]
The sources show that Population density alone does not fully explain racial disparities in arrest and police violence rates in the U.S.
and in some instances, disparities are actually higher in less dense (rural) areas compared to urban centers.
In summary: Higher racial disparities in policing are not just an urban phenomenon and are often amplified in less populated, rural, and highly segregated areas[1][3][2].
Population density plays a role but does not explain away the disproportionate impact of law enforcement on communities of color.